Orthographic Projection

Orthographic projection is the system of projecting the solid object in a complex manner showing each n every dimension in a detailed manner. In Orthographic Projection, the figure formed by joining, the points at which these lines meet the plane, is called the Projection of the object. The lines from the object to the plane are called projectors.

Different methods of Projection:

(1) Orthographic Projection

(2) Isometric Projection

(3) Oblique Projection

(4) Perspective Projection

In (2), (3) and (4) projection objects are shown in three dimension and only one view point is shown. While in Orthographic projection, objects are shown in two to three views which are perpendicular to each other... So it can be said that Orthographic projection gives us a detailed view of the object.

Orthographic Projection-

When the projectors are parallel to each other and also perpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographic projection. Orthographic projection is a system of showing three dimensional objects in a two dimensional manner.

As shown in the figure, the figure in the left-top is the object which is required to be shown in a two dimensional way. Now for that orthographic projection is used in which the whole object is shown in six different figures which combines and forms an object. Here in the figure it required for a person to observe the object in proper way, his eyes must perpendicular to the front face of the object and then the projection should be made. Here in Orthographic projection system the figure is shown in six different parts which are as follows

1. Front View- Which is the face of the object and coming in the front of the X-direction which is shown.

2. Left Side View- It is the side in the left of the front side

3. Right Side View- Side in the right of the front side and opposite to the left side.

4.Back View- This side is on the other side of the front side and opposite in the drawing.

5. Top View- It the top side of the object .

6. Bottom View- It the side which comes in the bottom of object and opposite to the top side.

In orthographic projection system there are two methods of showing this views and this are (1) First Angle Method and (2) Third Angle Method.

(1)First Angle Method- In this type of Orthographic projection system, the object is kept in the first quadrant so the views are drawn in relatively opposite direction of its real position e.g the top view(plan) is drawn in the bottom of the front view(elevation) and the left side view is drawn in the right side of the elevation of the object. Figure shows the symbol of  first angle method of orthographic projection in the right.

(2) Third Angle method- In this type of Orthographic projection system, the object is kept in the third quadrant and so we get the positions of the views in the there known places e.g plan in the top of the elevation, right side view on the right. Figure shows the symbol of  third angle method of orthographic projection in left.

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